82 OECD Family Studies Base, graph PF3.dos.B. Participation cost in early youth education and you will care and attention by money, 0 so you can dos seasons-olds (OECD quotes, based on European union-SILC study).

84 Trick studies on the early youngsters studies and you may worry from inside the Europe – 2019 model. European Payment/EACEA/Eurydice. Architectural signs having keeping track of training and you will training possibilities into the Europe – 2019 and you may 2020.

86 Come across additional info within the Secret data for the very early youngsters training and you can worry in the Europe – 2019 version. Eu Percentage/EACEA/Eurydice, pp. 54-62.

87 Underachievers into the PISA are those college students who don’t reach skills Level 2, i.age. minimal level needed to take part effectively in neighborhood.

89 OECD talks of training literacy, the core subject having PISA 2018, because ‘expertise, having fun with, contrasting, highlighting towards the and you will enjoyable which have messages to have a person’s desires, to grow one’s education and potential, also to take part in society’. OECD, PISA 2018 Efficiency (Volume We) – What Students Understand and can Carry out, 2019, p. fifteen.

91 The results of your own PISA tests is actually rates, as they are based on samples of students, rather than towards the total student populace, as well as on a restricted set of testing employment in place of all you can easily ones. An imagined difference in a few rates predicated on examples is named ‘statistically significant’ when it is likely that a bona fide differences is available on the communities from which the fresh trials is actually removed.

94 Pansu, P. Max, S. Cole, P., Nezlek, J. B. and you will Huguet, P. (2016). An encumbrance to the boys: Evidence of label threat when you look at the boys’ discovering abilities. Record out-of Experimental Social Mindset, 65, pp. 26-30. Marcenaro-Gutierrez, O. Lopez-Agudo, L. Ropero-Garcia, Meters. (2018). Gender Differences in Adolescents’ Educational Conclusion. Young, twenty-six (3), pp. 250-270. Smith, M. and you will Wilhelm, J. (2012). ‘Learning do not augment zero Chevys': Literacy on lifestyle from more youthful guys, Portsmouth: Boynton/Prepare. https://kissbrides.com/es/latinwomanlove-opinion/ Freedmon, B. (2003). Boys and you will literacy: Why Boys? And this boys? Why now? Paper showed within Yearly Appointment of your own Western Educational Browse Connection.

96 Freedmon, B. (2003). Boys and you will literacy: As to the reasons Boys? Which boys? As to the reasons today? Report shown at the Annual Meeting of one’s American Instructional Lookup Relationship.

98 Genlott, Good. A great. Gronlund, Good. (2016). Closure the holes – Boosting literacy and mathematics of the ICT-increased collaborationputers & Degree, 99, pp. 68-80.

100 The brand new OECD strategies this new ESCS directory taking into consideration numerous parameters regarding pupils’ family relations records, namely: parents’ studies, parents’ career, house assets, level of books and you will instructional information available at home.

101 Emma Garcia, Elaine Weiss, ‘Studies inequalities in the college or university undertaking door, Holes, style, and methods to address them’, Economic Rules Institute, ). Affects and you may leverage to your lower levels from attainment: a glance at literary works and you may rules effort. Heart to possess Search into the Greater Advantages of Understanding Lookup Statement 29, London, DCSF.

Regner, I

103 The newest proportion from college students having a beneficial migrant record may vary generally between Eu Associate Says. To stop calculations predicated on very small test designs, it report reveals overall performance just for European union Representative States where in fact the portion of people which have a migrant record is at the very least 5%.

Look for along with Eu Fee (2019)

104 The expression students ‘born abroad’ and you can pupils ‘native-created with moms and dads created abroad’ doing work in so it statement represents precisely what the OECD describes respectively because ‘first-age bracket immigrant students’ and you can ‘second-generation immigrant students’.

106 Considering PISA 2018, locations keeps more than 100 000 people, if you’re rural elements have fewer than step 3 000 populace.

108 The info identifying the employment rate regarding medium-height students by orientation of the qualification is obtainable merely at the time of 2014, pursuing the utilization of the newest ISCED-2011 class off education on the European union LFS.