cuatro.1 EHS throughout 1951–1980

The only EHS covering at least three stations during the first half of the 60-year study period occurred in 1972. Observed at 16 stations, it covered vast areas of western Russia and some adjacent areas to the north (Fig. 1). Indeed, this exceptionally hot summer was spatially the second largest during the study period and in the northern half of the area examined it was the hottest (Table 4). During all three summer months, the average temperature was above the long-term average, but August was the hottest. In the central part of the area, this was the hottest August of the entire period. The temperature difference between the long-term average and the temperature of the particular season ranged from 2.3 to 2.7 °C in the far north, to 3.6–3.9 °C in the far south, to 4.5 °C at Tambov (t ? t _av + 3?). Days with a temperature higher than 30 °C were recorded even in the north, where they were very rare in other years, while in the south there were 50 such days (two to three times more than the average). In the south, there were also days with a maximum temperature greater than 35 °C. Throughout the area there were cases of hot nights, i.e., 24-h days with a minimum temperature higher than 20 °C, including for example six such days in Arhangel’sk (compared to 0.4 on average) and 17 in Voronez (normally 2.6).

These uncommon thermal defects for the west Russia were considering a beneficial quasi-fixed anticyclonic movement (Bardin 2007). Current research (Zveryaev et al. 2012) suggests that the summer regarding 1972 try characterised because of the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation.

4.2 EHS during the 1981–1990

The fresh new exceptional june with the season protected brand new main and eastern areas of Eu Russia (Fig. 2). This new EHS is actually noticed from the seven stations, for instance the easternmost Ivdel’ (in which it had been really the only such summer into the several months) and you will Ekaterinburg. In the Kirov and you will Perm, this was the latest june of one’s several months. An average heavens temperature along beautiful Ponta delgada women the urban area was more than the brand new long-name mediocre by 2.5–3.3 °C. Heat is greater than the latest a lot of time-title average throughout three summer-time, however, August is actually truly the only acutely hot day and simply in the 50 % of all of the station (including the most popular of your whole period inside Ivdel’, Ekaterinburg and you will Perm), while Summer and July don’t meet with the traditional. There can be a considerable number of weeks which have a maximum temperatures higher than 30 °C, particularly in the fresh new southern area (20–25, on average nine–11). Only regarding the southwestern an element of the city, there have been days with lowest heat exceeding 20 °C (Table 5).

Summer time of 1988 is actually excessively sizzling hot and you will, as with 1981, sky temperature anomalies shielded main and east elements of Western european Russia, although the affected region is actually quicker connected with simply five stations (Fig. 2). For the about three north station, this is the hottest, as well as in the case out of Kotlas, as well as the only EHS in the studies period. The difference between the common much time-title plus the EHS conditions varied regarding 2.3 to 3.step one °C over the town. July turned-out instance hot (within certain station the hottest of your own period). Just for the Ekaterinburg did brand new temperatures avoid in short supply of conference the fresh standards in virtually any of your months. There have been more ten days that have an optimum temperatures above 30 °C at all the newest programs, as well as in the fresh new southern area, the number is actually nearly 20 (versus ranging from about three and six on average). Only isolated instances of days with the very least heat above 20 °C were submitted in the southern area of one’s affected area (Table 5).