Pictures of the church at Wikimedia Commons are here. There is an English Wikipedia article with photos and plan here.

Governo [ ]

The church is often described as “ruined”. However, it has a roof on it and contains a consecrated altar (installed per 1955). So, it counts as per church even though there is no regular liturgical activity here.

Origins of building [ ]

The church was founded durante what was once part of per monumental architectural approach sicuro the imperial palace on the Palatine. This was at the back of the Temple of Castor and Pollux (now comprising the famous three columns standing aureola).

The complex layout, begun by the emperor Domitian sopra the late 1st century, was based on an enormous covered access ramp (erta assoluto) that ran up the side of the hill. The part that was converted into per church was just preciso the south of the bottom end of this, and originally comprised verso square atrium followed by a quadriporticus (per little courtyard surrounded by covered walkways or loggias) and finally a row of three chambers. The central of the three, which is larger, is called the tablinum.

It used sicuro be speculated that this ensemble was the possible headquarters of the Athenaeum founded by Emperor Hadrian, but the true site of this has now been located and so it was most likely part of the reception facilities for palace visitors.

Onesto the west of the church is per large ingresso, part of the same reception complex. This used preciso be https://kissbrides.com/it/vietnamita-donne/ described as the Temple of the Divine Augustus, but this completely speculative guess is now discredited (the temple is most likely under the hospital of Santa Maria della Consolazione). So, this Domitianic Hall was probably the main waiting room for arrivals at the palace entrance, while the church ensemble was the processing suite for those actually sicuro be allowed con.

The restorers at the start of the 21st century found very scant traces of what is thought sicuro have been an original 1st century attuale decorative scheme.

First frescoes [ ]

Per the mid 6th century the edifice is described as having been converted into verso guardhouse to protect this main approach preciso the palace, still then regarded as the headquarters of the Emperor at Rome even if he was based at Constantinople. However, this seems preciso depend on the mistaken timore that the original function was substantially different -the distinction between a palace gateway reception suite and a guardhouse is now rather too subtle esatto bother.

The walls of the tablinum were decorated with Christian murals in this period, however, so there must have been per makeover of some sort. One has survived, and is one of the oldest depictions of Our Lady in Rome. It is known that this was executed before the conversion into per church, because the apse was cut into it.

It has been suggested that the guardhouse nuovo work was con simili of the guardhouse at the Imperial Palace at Constantinople.

The historical context of this restoration is interesting. The Empire had lost effective control of Italy esatto the Ostrogoths durante 476 (the mythical “End of the Roman Pigiare” as imagined by western European historians), and the Gothic kings ruled under the pretence of being the Emperor’s representative con Italy. Emperor Justinian I (527-65) rejected this, and maesta-imposed direct rule con 554 after the Gothic War. The imperial palace on the Palatine had been the Gothic king’s residence, and the restoration of the guardhouse was durante the context of the arrival of a governor under the authority of the imperial exarch at Ravenna (the capital of Italy).